提高裂缝性地层承压能力的实验研究及现场应用

doi:10.3969/J. ISSN.1006-768X.2022.03.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钻井液漏失是钻井工程中长期存在的复杂难题，强化井筒提高地层承压能力是解决此问题的关键。为此，研制了用于钻井液井筒强化实验评价的压裂实验装置，考察了典型的沥青类封堵剂、刚性颗粒封堵剂等材料对于完整岩心和带裂纹岩心的井筒强化效果。结果表明：超细碳酸钙和乳化沥青复配使用时钻井液的井筒强化效果最好，原因在于岩石被压裂之后碳酸钙进入裂缝形成了致密封堵带。此外乳化沥青可以增强岩石的疏水性质，减少钻井液滤液渗入，显著提高岩石承压能力。微裂纹的存在会大幅度降低岩石的承压能力，现场应用表明钻遇带裂纹的地层比如割理发育的煤层时，应采用封堵型钻井液提高地层承压能力，避免地层被压裂进而导致井下复杂事故。研究成果为科学评价钻井液的井筒强化效果提供了新的方法，为井筒强化钻井液设计提供了实验参考和理论支撑。

关键词: 钻井液, 井筒强化, 压裂装置, 井漏, 地层承压能力

Abstract:

Drilling fluid lost circulation is a long-standing complex problem in drilling engineering. Strengthening the wellbore to improve the pressure-bearing capacity of the formation is the key to solve this problem. A fracturing experiment device for evaluating the drilling fluid wellbore strengthening was developed. By using the fracturing device, the wellbore strengthening performance of the typical plugging agents including asphalt, rigid particle, and other materials were evaluated. The results showed that the combination of calcium carbonate and emulsified asphalt are the best drilling fluids plugging agents for wellbore strengthening. The reason is that the calcium carbonate can enter the cracks to form a sealing plugging zone after the rock was fractured. In addition, the emulsified bitumen can enhance the hydrophobicity of the rock and reduce the penetration of drilling fluid filtrate, which can significantly improve the pressure-bearing capacity of the rock. The existence of micro-cracks would greatly reduce the pressure-bearing capacity of the rock. Therefore, when the cracked formations such as cleat-developed coal seams were drilled, the plugging drilling fluids are suggested be used to increase the pressure-bearing capacity of the formation to prevent the formation from being fractured and causing down holes complex accidents. The research results provide a new method for the scientific evaluation of the wellbore strengthening effect of drilling fluids, and provide experimental reference and theoretical support for the design of wellbore strengthening drilling fluids.

Key words: drilling fluids, wellbore strengthening, hydraulic fracturing apparatus, lost circulation, formation pressure-bearing capacity

鲁铁梅, 王战卫, 徐生江, 巩加芹, 王贵, 曹成. 提高裂缝性地层承压能力的实验研究及现场应用[J]. 钻采工艺, 2022, 45(3): 119-124.

LU Tiemei, WANG Zhanwei, XU Shengjiang, GONG Jiaqin, WANG Gui, CAO Cheng. Experimental Study and Field Application on Improving Pressure-bearing Capacity of Fractured Formation[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2022, 45(3): 119-124.

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